Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is a major cause of blindness or severe visual impairment, it is a rapid, sudden loss of vision as a result of the interruption of blood flow to the front of the optic nerve head. There are two different types of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (ION), these are known as Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) is the most common type of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (ION), Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is rare. Both Anterior & Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy can be categorized into three different subtypes, these are known as arteritic (a dangerous condition, arteries supplying blood to the optic nerve head become inflamed), nonarteritic (occurs due to reduced blood flow to the optic nerve without arteries becoming inflamed) and perioperative (a rare type of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy which occurs as a result of nonophthalmic surgeries such as spinal surgery)
Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy is an ocular emergency and needs immediate intervention and treatment. Early diagnosis is crucial, in order to diagnose AION, patients are asked about symptoms of temporal arteritis, these include jaw pain, headache and pain in the scalp.
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